Iposiwe kwakhona kwi-"Digital Dharma Circle": Inqaku Elinye Okufanele Uliqonde: Ubudlelwane Phakathi kwe-ERP kunye ne-CRM, i-MRP, i-PLM, i-APS, i-MES, i-QMS, i-WMS, i-SRM.
Kule mihla, nokuba kukuvelisa, iinkampani zorhwebo, okanye amashishini asekelwe kwiprojekthi, nanini na xa kuphakanyiswa umxholo wokwenziwa kwedijithali kunye nokwaziswa, imeko idla ngokuba ngolu hlobo:
◦ Umphathi: “Ngaba kufuneka sisebenzise i-ERP?”
◦ Intloko yoLawulo: “Asiyidingi na i-CRM ngoku?”
◦ Intloko yoMveliso: “Kuthekani nge-MES? Ukungabi nayo kubonakala kungaphucukanga.”
◦ IT: “Enyanisweni, ii-APS, ii-PLM, ii-QMS, ii-WMS, ii-SRM… zonke zibaluleke kakhulu.”
Emva koko igumbi lentlanganiso lithule imizuzwana emi-3.
Akukho mntu unesibindi sokwenza umnxeba kuba akukho mntu unokuchaza ngokucacileyo: Yintoni kanye kanye ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi nkqubo? Ngaba enye iphucuke ngakumbi kunenye? Ngaba ukuba nezinye kuthetha ukuba unamandla ngakumbi?
Kwinqaku lanamhlanje, andiyi kuthatha cala kubathengisi okanye kwiinkampani ezicebisayo. Ndiza kuma nje ngokwembono yemisebenzi yokwenyani yeshishini ndize ndicacise ezi nkqubo:
● Oko bakwenzayo
● Ziziphi iingxaki abazisombululayo
● Ulwalamano lwabo ne-ERP
● Ixesha lokuzisebenzisa kwaye nini ixesha lokungazisebenzisi
Khumbula isivakalisi esinye kuphela:
I-ERP ayichasani nazo zonke ezinye iinkqubo; yinkqubo ye-nervous central.
1. Okokuqala, masicacise eyona ngongoma ididayo:
I-ERP( Icebo lonikezo lwezeshishini)ayingomsebenzi othile; yiseti yeziseko zokusebenza.
Abantu abaninzi bacinga nge-ERP kwaye impendulo yabo yokuqala yile: inkqubo yezemali, ulawulo lwempahla, i-invoyisi kunye nokugcinwa kweencwadi… Oku kuchanekile nge-30% kuphela. I-ERP evuthiweyo ngokwenene imalunga nezinto ezintathu:
1. Ukudibanisa imigangatho yedatha
2. Ukudibanisa iinkqubo zoshishino
3. Ukufaka imithetho yokusebenza
Ngamanye amazwi:
I-ERP ilawula indlela esebenza ngayo inkampani, hayi indlela esebenza ngayo isebe elithile.
Ngoko ke, iinkqubo ozivayo kamva—i-CRM, i-MRP, i-PLM, i-APS, i-MES, i-QMS, i-WMS, i-SRM—akukho nanye kuzo ethatha indawo ye-ERP. Zizii-sub-capabilities ze-ERP okanye zi-extensions ze-ERP.
Masizihlalutye nganye nganye.
II. I-ERP kunye ne-CRM: Enye ilawula indlela ekwenziwa ngayo imali, enye ilawula indlela abathengi abakhuseleka ngayo
Yintoni eyenziwa yi-CRM (uLawulo loBudlelwane nabaThengi)?
Ngamafutshane, i-CRM yenza into enye: iguqula intengiso ukusuka kwinkqubo yokuziva ngathi iyasebenza ibe yinto elawulekayo, ehlaziywayo, nephindaphindwayo.
Igxile koku:
• Apho abathengi bavela khona (ii-leads)
• Ngubani olandela umntu (umthengisi)
• Ulandelelwano lukwinqanaba elingakanani?
• Ingaba kukho umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa sisivumelwano na?
• Ingaba kunokwenzeka na ukuthengisa ngaphezulu emva kokuvala
Ngoko ke yintoni elawulwa yi-ERP?
I-ERP ikhathalele oku:
• Ingaba le oda ingamkelwa na
• Ixabiso lingakanani
• Ingaba inzuzo iyonke ingabalwa ngokucacileyo na
• Nokuba ukuthunyelwa, ukubhalwa kwee-invoyisi, kunye nokuqokelelwa kwentlawulo kudala i-closed loop
Ungayiqonda ngolu hlobo: I-CRM ilawula itshaja yangaphambili, i-ERP ilawula inkxaso yasemva.
Izivumelwano ziphunyelelwa kwi-CRM, kwaye ziyazalisekiswa, zigqitywe, kwaye zichazwe kwi-ERP.
Ngaphandle kwe-ERP, nokuba kukho izivumelwano ezininzi kwi-CRM, ezezimali, uluhlu lwezinto, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezinto kuya kuba yingxaki. Ngaphandle kwe-CRM, nokuba kukho i-ERP epheleleyo, ukuthengisa kwangaphambili kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekulandeleni nasekuveni ngesandla.
Ngamafutshane: Kumashishini aqhutywa kukuthengisa, kufunekaI-CRM + ERPsisebenza kunye, singakhethi omnye ngaphezu komnye.
III. I-ERP kunye ne-MRP: I-MRP ayisiyoNkqubo eZimeleyo, kodwa yiKhono
Le yeyona ingaqondakaliyo kakhulu.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-MRP?
I-MRP = Ucwangciso lweeMfuno zezinto eziphathekayo. Ingqiqo yayo eyintloko sisivakalisi esinye kuphela:
Ngokusekelwe kwiiodolo kunye noluhlu lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, bala ukuba uza kuthenga ntoni, uza kuthenga malini, kwaye uza kuyithenga nini.
Qaphela, ndithe bala.
Inxulumene njani ne-ERP?
Kwi-ERP yanamhlanje: i-MRP ngokusisiseko yenye yeemodyuli eziphambili ze-ERP. Ngamanye amazwi: ngaphandle kwedatha yesiseko evela kwi-ERP (i-BOM, i-inventory, ii-odolo), izibalo ze-MRP azinakuba zichanekile.
Ukuba uthenga inkqubo ye-MRP ezimeleyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba:
• Idatha kufuneka ingeniswe ngesandla
• Iziphumo zifuna ugwebo oluqhutywa ngesandla
• Usaxhomekeke ekuziveni kwamathumbu emva kokubala
Ingxaki yamashishini amaninzi ayikokungabikho kwe-MRP, kodwa:
• I-BOM engachanekanga
• Uluhlu lwezinto ezingachanekanga
• Utshintsho oluhambelanayo nolungenazinjongo
Emva koko batyhola inkqubo ngokuba yiyo. Ukuba izibalo ze-MRP azichanekanga, i-90% yexesha yingxaki yedatha esisiseko, hayi ingxaki ye-algorithm.
IV. I-ERP kunye ne-PLM: Omnye Ulawula Indlela Yokuthengisa, Omnye Ulawula Indlela Yokuyila
Yintoni eyenziwa yi-PLM?
I-PLM = Ulawulo loMjikelo woBomi beMveliso. Igxile koku:
• Ulwakhiwo lwemveliso (BOM)
• Imizobo, amaxwebhu enkqubo
• Utshintsho lwenguqulelo
• Imigangatho yobugcisa
Ngamafutshane, i-PLM ilawula imveliso ukususela kuyilo ukuya ekugqityweni.
I-ERP iyidinga nini i-PLM?
Ukuba ukwimveliso engaqhelekanga, unemveliso yeenguqulelo ezininzi, okanye utshintsho oluqhubekayo kuyilo, ngoko ke ulawulo lwe-BOM olwakhelwe kwi-ERP mhlawumbi alwanelanga.
Okwangoku, udinga i-PLM ukulawula idatha yobugcisa kwangaphambili, kunye ne-ERP ukuphatha imveliso, ukuthengwa, kunye neendleko emva kwe-backend, oko kukuthi:
• I-PLM igqiba ukuba iza kusebenzisa ntoni kuyilo
• I-ERP igqiba ngento eza kuthengwa, esetyenziswayo, kunye nokuba iza kuchitha malini
Ukuba ezi nkqubo zimbini azidityanisiwe, ingxaki enokwenzeka kukuba: umzobo yi-V3, ukuthenga ngokwe-V2, iindleko zibalwa ngokusekelwe kwi-V1, kwaye ke yonke inkampani ithwala ityala kunye.
V. ERP kunye ne-APS: Omnye Ubala Ukuba Kufuneka Kwenziwe Na, Omnye Ubala Indlela YokuyiCwangcisa Ngendlela Efanelekileyo
Yintoni eyenziwa yi-APS?
I-APS = Ucwangciso oluPhambili kunye nokuCwangcisa. Isombulula imeko ethile nebuhlungu kakhulu: ii-odolo ezininzi kakhulu, izixhobo ezinqongopheleyo, ixesha elibekiweyo, kunye nocwangciso lwesandla alukwazi ukuhambisana.
I-APS igxile kumthamo wezixhobo, ulandelelwano lweenkqubo, iindleko zotshintsho, kunye nokubaluleka kokuhanjiswa.
Ngaba i-ERP ayikwazi ukusingatha ishedyuli yemveliso?
Ingakwazi, kodwa i-ERP ithambekele ngakumbi ekucwangciseni okungacwangciswanga, ngelixa i-APS ithambekele ngakumbi ekucwangciseni okuneenkcukacha.
Ungayiqonda ngolu hlobo:
• I-ERP ikuxelela ukuba: Ingakanani imveliso oza kuyivelisa kule nyanga
• I-APS ikuxelela ukuba: Lo matshini umele usebenze kweyiphi iodolo kuqala kusasa ngomso
Ufanele uyisebenzise nini i-APS?
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ufikelele kwinqanaba elithile, kodwa xa uhlangabezana nezi mpawu:
• Uhlobo oluphezulu, umthamo ophantsi
• Utshintsho oluqhubekayo lomhla wokuhanjiswa
• Iingxaki ezicacileyo zezixhobo
Ngaphandle koko, nangona i-APS isetyenzisiwe, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uza kuba neetshathi ezintle zeGantt ngelixa umgangatho wevenkile ungazilandeli.
VI. I-ERP kunye ne-MES: Enye ise-Ofisini, enye ise-Venkileni
Yintoni elawulwa yi-MES?
I-MES = Inkqubo yokuSebenza kweMveliso. Ijonga:
• Ukuphunyezwa kwemiyalelo yomsebenzi
• Ingxelo yenkqubo
• Imeko yezixhobo
• Izinto ezingabandakanywanga kwimveliso
Ngamafutshane, i-MES ilawula okwenzekayo ngokwenene evenkileni.
Yintoni elawulwa yi-ERP?
I-ERP ilawula izicwangciso, iindleko, izixhobo, kunye nentlawulo.
Ingxaki yamashishini amaninzi kukuba izicwangciso ze-ERP zintle, kodwa ukuphunyezwa kwevenkile kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumaqela e-WeChat kunye neebhodi ezimhlophe. Ekugqibeleni, idatha kwi-ERP ifakwa yonke emva koko.
Indlela echanekileyo yile:
• Izicwangciso zemicimbi ye-ERP
• I-MES inika ingxelo ngexesha langempela malunga nokusebenza kwayo
• Iindleko, inkqubela phambili zibuyela umva ngokuzenzekelayo
Ngaphandle koko, i-ERP iya kuhlala iyindlela "yobunkokeli kuphela".
VII. I-ERP kunye ne-QMS: Omnye Ulawula Iziphumo, Omnye Ulawula Iinkqubo
Yintoni eyenziwa yi-QMS?
QMS = Inkqubo yoLawulo loMgangatho.Ijonga:
● Uhlolo oluzayo
● Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo
● Uhlolo oluphumayo
● Ukungathobeli imithetho, amanyathelo okulungisa, amanyathelo okuthintela
Ingaba imodyuli esemgangathweni kwi-ERP yanele?
Kumashishini amancinci, ewe. Kumashishini aneemfuno ezisemgangathweni ophezulu, hayi.
Kuba imodyuli yomgangatho kwi-ERP idla ngokuba malunga nokurekhoda kunye neziphumo, ngelixa i-QMS igxininisa ngakumbi:
● Ulawulo lwenkqubo
● Ukulandeleka
● Uphuculo olucwangcisiweyo
I-QMS inoxanduva lokulawula umgangatho, i-ERP inoxanduva lokujonga indlela iziphumo zomgangatho ezichaphazela ngayo iindleko kunye nokuhanjiswa.
VIII. I-ERP kunye ne-WMS: Omnye Ulawula Iincwadi, Omnye Ulawula Iindawo
Yintoni eyenziwa yi-WMS?
I-WMS = Inkqubo yoLawulo lweWarehouse. Isombulula oku kulandelayo:
● Ulawulo lwendawo
● Ukukhetha iindlela
● Amanani eebhetshi, imihla yokuphelelwa
● Iibhakhowudi, ukuskena
Ngaba i-ERP ayinayo nempahla ekhoyo?
Ewe, kodwa i-ERP imalunga neeakhawunti zexabiso kunye neeakhawunti zexabiso, ngelixa i-WMS ilawula:
● Apho iimpahla zikhoyo
● Indlela yokuzifumana
● Ngubani owenze impazamo
Uyidinga nini i-WMS?
Xa udibana:
● Ubalo lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo luchanekile, kodwa iindawo azinazo ingxolo
● Ukufumana iimpahla kuxhomekeke kumava
● Iindleko zokuthumela iimpahla ezingafanelekanga ziphezulu
Yimeko eqhelekileyo leyo kwi-ERP + WMS.
IX. ERP kunye ne-SRM: Omnye uLawula iiNkqubo zangaphakathi, omnye uLawula iNtsebenziswano yabaThengisi
Yintoni eyenziwa yi-SRM?
I-SRM = Ulawulo loBudlelwane nabaThengisiIjonga:
● Ukusebenza komthengisi
● Amaxesha okuhambisa, umgangatho
● Intsebenziswano yoxolelwaniso
● Ukungafihlisi izinto ezithengwayo
Ingaba imodyuli yokuthenga kwi-ERP ayanelanga?
Injalo, kodwa isombulula kuphela iinkqubo zangaphakathi.
I-SRM isombulula iingxaki zentsebenziswano phakathi kwemibutho eyahlukeneyo, ezinje ngezi:
● Ababoneleli abaqinisekisa iiodolo kwi-intanethi
● Uxolelwaniso kwi-intanethi
● Ukuphathwa kwemicimbi yomgangatho ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo
X. Isishwankathelo sokugqibela
Ungakhumbula ngqo lo mzobo wobudlelwane:
● I-ERP: Isikhungo sokusebenza kweshishini
● I-CRM: I-Order yokuthengisa
● I-MRP: Ubuchule bokubala izinto
● I-PLM: Umthombo wemveliso kunye netekhnoloji
● I-APS: Isixhobo esiphucukileyo sokuhlela
● I-MES: Isixhobo sokwenza umgangatho wevenkile
● I-QMS: Inkqubo yomgangatho
● I-WMS: Ukuphunyezwa kwe-Warehouse
● I-SRM: Intsebenziswano yecandelo lobonelelo ngeenkonzo
Asikuko ukuba iinkqubo ezininzi zingcono.
Kunoko,Ingaba ingxaki yakho yangoku yeyona ibuhlungu ifanele isonjululwe ngenkqubo ezinikeleyo?
--Isiphelo--
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-30-2026